Pyrometallurgical Smelting Process

A new method to recycle Li-ion batteries with laser materials

The efficiency of laser recycling can be compared with the traditional pyrometallurgical smelting process. Georgi-Maschler et al. conducted smelting recycling of battery materials in a technical-scale electric arc furnace with a maximum power supply of 450 kVA. In four tests, 350 kg battery materials and 330 kg slag were smelting recycled at ...

Thermodynamic Simulation Model of Copper Side-Blown Smelting Process …

In this study, the thermodynamic simulation model and system of the copper side-blown smelting process were established using the chemical equilibrium constant method, based on the process reaction mechanism, multiphase equilibrium principle, and MetCal software platform (MetCal v7.81). Under typical production conditions, the composition of the product …

12.3 Primary Copper Smelting

A typical pyrometallurgical copper smelting process, as illustrated in Figure 12.3-1, includes 4 steps: roasting, smelting, concentrating, and fire refining. Ore concentration is roasted to reduce impurities, including sulfur, antimony, arsenic, and lead. The roasted product, calcine, serves as a dried and heated charge for the smelting furnace.

Smelting process development – Process

A three-scale investigation for pyrometallurgical process development. If high-temperature smelting is a core aspect of your operations, there's room to develop a new approach to pyrometallurgical process …

Antimony and gold substance flows analysis of pyrometallurgical process …

This study takes a pyrometallurgical process for producing antimony ingots from antimony and gold concentrates as the system boundary. The process includes blast furnace smelting, gold smelting furnace, cupellation furnace and reverberatory furnace. The simplified flow chart is shown in Fig. 3. Download: Download high-res image (319KB)

The Copper Flash CC Smelting Process

Flash smelting is a pyrometallurgical process for smelting metal sulphide concentrates. It is used primarily for copper sulphide concentrates, but it is also used to a significant extent for nickel sulphide concentrates. The flash smelting process for sulphide concentrates was developed by the Finnish mining company, Outokumpu Oy, from 1948 ...

Metals smelting-collection method for recycling …

This paper reviews the PGMs recovery from waste catalysts using a metals smelting-collection process, which belongs to the main pyrometallurgical process, in the presence of various metal collectors, such …

Zinc and Lead Metallurgical Slags as a Potential Source of …

This article presents the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of zinc and lead smelting slags, with particular reference to the slags formed during the simultaneous production of Zn and Pb by the Imperial Smelting Process. These slags, because of the presence of many metals in their composition, mainly in the form of crystalline phases, are a …

A New Pyrometallurgical Process for Producing Antimony …

Antimonial dust is a by-product of lead smelting and an important material for extracting antimony. A new pyrometallurgical process for producing antimony white from the antimonial dust is reported. The process mainly consists of three steps, which are reduction smelting, alkaline refining, and blowing oxidation. First, the reduction smelting of antimonial …

Smelter

The Pyrometallurgical process involves the smelting of lead and zinc together as described under "Zinc Smelters". Lead removed from the Pyrometallurgical process is sent for further refining where it passes through a series of processes to remove impurities. In this process, silver is also produced as a by-product.

Review of copper pyrometallurgical practice: today and …

The Noranda bath smelting process is energy efficient and employs a refractory-lined cylindrical vessel to smelt a broad range of copper-bearing materials such as sulphide …

Current technologies for recovery of metals from industrial …

The impurities (non-extracting elements) of raw ore with other materials form melting slag in the pyrometallurgical smelting process of metal extraction, which can boost the operating conditions of smelting furnaces and affect the consistency of the metal extracted. Large amounts of waste slag are produced when this melting slag is discharged ...

Pyrometallurgical options for recycling spent lithium-ion …

These pyrometallurgical recycling techniques have gained extensive applications at the industrial scale, e.g., Ultra-high-temperature smelting-technology (UHT) of Umicore., Belgium [32], Roasting−smelting process of Glencore (Xstrata)., Switzerland [32], High temperature melting recovery (HTMR) process of Inmetco., USA, Calcination process of ...

Antimony Metallurgy

The powdery crude antimony xide is reduced by a carbonaceous reductant in a reverberatory furnace at 1,000–1,200 °C to produce crude antimony. Crude antimony can be produced by the precipitation smelting process. The typical pyrometallurgical antimony production process using sulfide ore is shown in Fig. 1.

Pyrometallurgy | Metallurgy for Dummies

Smelting; Refining; Most pyrometallurgical processes require energy input to sustain the temperature at which the process takes place. The energy is usually provided in the form of fossil fuel combustion, exothermic reaction of the material, or from electrical heat. When enough material is present in the feed to sustain the process temperature ...

Lead processing

Lead processing - Refining, Smelting, Alloying: To remove and recover remaining impurities from lead bullion, either pyrometallurgical or electrolytic refining is used; the choice between the two methods is dictated by the amount of bismuth that must be eliminated from the bullion and by the availability and cost of energy. The Parkes zinc-desilvering process is the most widely …

Pyrometallurgy | Metal Extraction, Heat Treatment

pyrometallurgy, extraction and purification of metals by processes involving the application of heat.The most important operations are roasting, smelting, and refining.Roasting, or heating in air without fusion, transforms sulfide ores into oxides, the sulfur escaping as sulfur dioxide, a gas.Smelting (q.v.) is the process used in blast furnaces to reduce iron ores.

(PDF) Slag Design for Pyrometallurgical Metal …

One recycling approach uses the pyrometallurgical smelting process as a splitting operation of the more noble metals Cu, Ni and Co from the less noble elements such as lithium and aluminum. In ...

Hydrometallurgical nickel and cobalt plants and processes

Pyrometallurgical nickel technologies: • Nickel flash smelting • Nickel direct flash smelting and converting (DON) • Ausmelt smelting and converting • Nickel slag cleaning furnaces • Ferronickel plant Sulfuric acid plant Effluent treatment Services Outotec Process Equipment Outotec Process Automation and Analyzers

Recovering valuable metals from Waste Printed Circuit …

Nonetheless, smelting processes consume relatively less energy because of the energy released from the combustion of plastics and flammable components in the e-waste [15]. Pyrometallurgical processes are considered the more economical route for e-waste recycling and efficiently recovering precious metals.

A Review on Pyrometallurgical Extraction of Antimony from …

The smelting temperature of the present process is decreased to 850–900 °C in comparison to 1150–1200 °C in the traditional pyrometallurgical extraction of antimony. Although sulfur fixation reduces SO 2 emission, still, downstream sulfur removal equipment is necessary to be installed.

Difference Between Hydrometallurgy And Pyrometallurgy

This method is particularly suitable for ores that are not amenable to direct extraction by pyrometallurgical processes. ... Roasting: Heating ores in the presence of oxygen to remove volatile impurities and prepare them for smelting. Smelting: The process of melting ores to separate the metal from its ore. Refining: ...

Pyrometallurgical Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from …

Pyrometallurgical processes are a primary method to recover PGMs from spent catalyst.3 In general, they can be divided into three groups: smelting, chlorination, and sintering processes. Smelting Process. The smelting process is the mostly commonly employed approach for concentrating PGMs in many companies with advanced metallurgical and …

Pyrometallurgy

Pyrometallurgy is a traditional smelting process that is presently applied to recycle spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Pyrometallurgy refers to heat treatment of spent LIBs through physical and chemical conversion. ... In the previously mentioned pyrometallurgical process, part of the lithium metal eventually appears in the slag phase by ...

Process Modeling in Pyrometallurgical Engineering

Process Modeling in Pyrometallurgical Engineering Print Special Issue Flyer; ... Fe and S) in sulfide concentrates on arsenic removal in the SKS copper smelting process were studied in this paper. The results show that Cu, Fe and S in …

The history of pyrometallurgical copper smelting using PS …

Pyrometallurgical copper smelting with PS converter is one of the main methods of copper smelting. Pyrometallurgical copper smelting includes: matte smelting of copper concentrate, copper matte blowing into blister copper, pyrometallurgical refining of blister copper, and electrolytic refining of anode copper. The final product - electrolytic ...

Copper Metallurgy

The processes for pyrometallurgical smelting of copper sulfide concentrate include matte smelting, copper matte converting, pyro-refining, and electrolytic refining. Some specific low-iron copper concentrates can be smelted directly to blister copper without matte smelting, known as the directly to blister copper process. Matte-Making Smelting

Efficient separation and recovery of lithium through …

A reasonable slag type is a prerequisite for a successful smelting process. Therefore, slagging materials and fluxes such as CaO and SiO 2 are usually added to control the slag type in the pyrometallurgical processing of spent LIBs. In contrast to traditional slagging materials and fluxes, copper slag is directly formed slag system.

Metal Extraction, Heat Treatment & Refining

Pyrometallurgy, extraction and purification of metals by processes involving the application of heat. The most important operations are roasting, smelting, and refining. Roasting, or heating in air without fusion, transforms sulfide ores into oxides, the sulfur escaping as sulfur dioxide, a gas.

Pyrometallurgical Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from …

Smelting is another effective pyrometallurgical option for recovering high-value metals from spent LIBs. In the smelting process, the battery material is heated above its …